• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a machine tool industry and, in particular, to the processing of cylindrical gears with their correction along the profile and length of the teeth. The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of obtaining a given modification of the teeth. The grinding wheel 1 of a conical or disc-shaped form in the course of processing comes into contact with the profile 2 to be processed only at one point (M). The position of this working point in the working area of the grinding wheel can be changed, if necessary. This change is achieved by an additional feed in the form of a reciprocating movement "O", which is superimposed on the feed motion carried out during the grinding process. The additional feed ensures that the point of contact between the grinding wheel and the profile to be processed is located in a certain area of the wheel. The position of this point is in accordance with a certain dependence. This operating point can move along different working lines, passing, for example, along the axis of symmetry of the valleys, along the profile of the teeth, tangentially to the lateral surface of the teeth, etc. A device for carrying out comprises a frame on which a rack is installed with the possibility of radial movement relative to the table carrying the wheel being machined. A caliper is mounted in circular guide racks with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the tooth of the wheel to be machined. The caliper has the right and left instrumental carriages installed with the possibility of additional vertical, tangential and radial movement relative to the caliper from a separate drive. In addition, the machine contains control means with position sensors. 2 sec. and 7 hp ff, 14 ill.
    公开号:SU1574163A3
    申请号:SU853977503
    申请日:1985-10-31
    公开日:1990-06-23
    发明作者:Роберт Зоммер Герд
    申请人:Веркцойгмашиненфабрик Эрликон-Бюрле Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a machine tool industry, in particular to the processing of cylindrical gears with their correction along the profile and length of the teeth
    The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of obtaining a given modification of the teeth.
    FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the positions of the gear and the grinding wheel in the rolling process in accordance with the proposed method; in fig. 2 shows the projection of the lateral surface of the producing toothed rake on the plane of the end section in two rolling positions and the geometric relations of the engagement parameters | Fig. 3 shows a projection of a side-mounted toothed rack on the plane of the end section with the side surface of the producing toothed rack open; in fig. 4 - the same, with geometrical ratios of engagement parameters for two positions of rolling; Figure 5 shows traces of envelopes of cuts on the side surfaces of the teeth along the straight line; in fig. 6 is the same along the helical Likina in FIG. 7-9 — grinding wheels suitable for grinding in accordance with the proposed method; FIG. 10 is a diagram of the positions of the instruments and the sprocket wheel in the coordinate system} in FIG. 1 is a schematic control circuit designed for one of the options
    0 5 „
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    machine tool; on Fig - euboshlifovalny machine, ensure the implementation of the proposed method, a general view; in fig. 13 and 1 Ј a schematic depiction of other, variants of the machine, when traces of envelopes of speeches on the lateral surfaces of the teeth are made along a helix.
    In the manufacture of involute side surfaces of the gear teeth, the workpiece is horizontally or vertically clamped on the machine table, while the side surface of the tooth, by means of rolling movements relative to one or two grinding wheels, describes the surface that corresponds to the side surface of the gear-producing toothed rack. The grinding wheel performs rotational and translational movements mainly along the production flank of the tooth as a working line. The feed movement for plunging in the direction of the tooth flank determines the depth of cut. The workpiece carries out the rolling movement (producing envelopes cuts).
    The modification is characterized by the removal of a certain amount of material more or less at each point of the lateral surface of the tooth profile.
    g-
    51
    than this corresponds to the exact evol-;
    vent line or exact tooth line. The method of grinding gear wheels with a corrected lateral surface is that the tool — a grinding wheel 1 of conical or disc-shaped form — comes into contact with the tooth 2 of the machined wheel at one point (M). The position of this work point in the work area of the grinding wheel can be changed, if necessary, by additionally feeding the tool in the form of reciprocating O movement, which is superimposed on the feed movement carried out during the grinding process, for example, when implementing the rolling method with periodic dividing In addition, the feed ensures that the point of contact between the grinding wheel and the profile to be processed is located in a certain area of the wheel. The position of this point is in accordance with the dependence of
     sinc / cos + h tgj,
    where Yg is the distance of contact points
    grinding wheel with the processed profile to a given point; W is the rolling path; h is the grinding course; Oi.- the angle of engagement in the face
    with the cure;
    V is the angle between the production surface and the side surface line of the profile being processed,
    In the initial position of the movement of the wheel and the course of grinding, the line of contact between the side surface of the producing gear rack and the side surface of the wheel is the line BO, and the meridian of the work area is indicated by the dotted line T0. Thus, the operating point M is the intersection point of these two lines. The distance q between the line with
    touching B0 and the contact line
    The value B corresponds to the run-in path W and is related to it by dependency.
    q W-sin.
    Thus, if there is a run-in path W in one turn of grinding h
    the operating point moves accordingly S. The distance Ys from the starting point M, which is chosen as the exit point and mainly
    five
    1574
    . "20 25
    35
    -
    thirty
    50
    55
    1636
    as the middle alignment point
    side surface, i.e. the side surface of the production toothed rack is calculated accordingly with the formula given. This additional movement of the feed, for example a grinding wheel, may overlap, with the movement of the operating point, which may be intermittent or continuous, gradually shifting the operating point relative to its working area. The operating point, for example, during a certain number of rotations of the grinding wheel is at a certain distance from the inner or outer edge of the working surface, then for the next group of revolutions (displacement cycle) it can be moved to the next position while the entire section or pre-defined part will not be blocked. After this, a new offset cycle is performed. With a continuous, predetermined displacement of the operating point in the working area during the cycle of displacement this point describes; - with a spiral-shaped trajectory. In the presence of topographical corrections, i.e. when the flank of the tooth is ground with a profile that varies across the width of the tooth, then either the feed movement for the incision blocks the movement of the correction, or the correction is carried out additionally. Taking into account the initial value at each point of correction, a single or multistage feed into plunging is carried out. Correspondence of the correction values to individual points of the tooth flank is expediently carried out in the coordinate system of the engagement field. In this case, the infeed feed motion can be carried out by a workpiece or tool. The working line may be in the form of a zigzag line, with individual segments extending mainly along the production side surface of the tooth. However, the practical working line always has some deviation from the theoretical working line. When using this work line, the workpiece or for very large workpieces, the tool performs a continuous feed movement of the run-in. In addition, the tools move along the side surface of the tooth in the presence of stroke feed.
    Another form of the working line is to be meander, at which the operating point moves along the generator or approximately along the segment as one branch and during subsequent connection from one generator to the relevant processing technology, adjacent the profile along the line, or the side line — a review of the position of the return point relative to the side surface of the tooth during the grinding process — as the second branch of the working line. With this shape of the working line, there is a discontinuous movement of the feeds i of the tool run-in or the movement of the tools} if they move from a fixed load to it around this 1, the tools will increase the feed movement of the lift.
    If the stop stop is up to d., G. El i l ii, the continuous movement of the rolling run is performed by another movement, coordinated with this tool, or by the tool r o-shift in the direction of the gear-wheels. then the working point i shifts through the working line in the vice spiral or zigzag line on the flank of the tooth (envelopes cuts to the lateral surface). At this movement, the opposing and autumn movement can be coordinated with the city. so that the operating point is always lying on the side surface of the tooth. Thus, the running movement is blocked by a movement in the form of a helix. In order to select a working point or a zone of its location (its size depends on the shape of the grinding wheel), it always passes along this working line, the grinding wheel performs one more additional movement of the grinding wheel, the direction of which lies in the working plane of the grinding wheel, i.e. . in the tangential plane of the side surface of the tooth.
    These movements can be controlled in the form of combined mechopoelectronic control using known devices, for example, to obtain a run-in feed movement, separate drive motors, with the corresponding
    0
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    0
    five
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    five
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    five
    Position sensors are connected to the control and control circuits. It is also possible to control these movements purely electronically, with the specified values being stored in a wide variety of data carriers, for example mechanical (disk cams or profile bars), magnetic, optical, etc., and with the help of appropriate readout, transfer and control Drivers are transmitted to drive units.
    It is also possible to intermittently control the feed movement of the rolling, while it is carried out only periodically. The working point passes along the helix of the side surface of the tooth and, in the region of its ends, carries out a sequential switching movement in the form of a rolling feed feed movement / / after which the next round cut can be made. Thus, the abutting cuts follow the envelope of the cuts. The movement of the feed rolling can be carried out from the workpiece or from the tool "
    When the working line has a meandering path and its segments consist of two branches - the side line and the profile line, it follows the sequential switching on the possibly extended side surface of the tooth or outside the wheel side surface of the wheel ,, as The working point, despite the sequential connection with the working surface of the tool, at the moment the grinding wheel was in the same position, it is necessary to perform an additional movement of the tool feed in sponds to the motion flow sequential incorporation and running-movement.
    If the working point is to be moved continuously or intermittently within the working area of the tool in order to achieve even use of the tool or to establish the optimum mode of the process, then the working point movement is also carried out. It may overlap with an additional feed motion or may be carried out separately with respect to this motion. In this case, the specified operating point is displaced relative to the tool on its working surface, i.e. on acting
    cutting surface. This can be carried out with a spiral line, respectively, continuously or intermittently around the circumference, in parts, controlled by random numbers, in order to achieve the most abrasive wear on the grinding wheel.
    In addition to the normal infeed feed motion, normal or topographic corrected feed insertion strokes can be made. They can also be controlled in a known manner from the engagement floor and are carried out both by the workpiece and by the tool: only rotationally or progressively.
    Another movement is also possible: generally not continuous movement of the tool carrier by the variation value of the angle of inclination of the oblique teeth /}. This movement gives, in particular when using obm-type discs, a significant reduction in the presence of a working point to approximately exactly one point. This movement, like other movements, can be programmed.
    If the working line has a screw shape or consists of constituent elements, then this condition provides a significant advantage, which is that the tool head of the metalworking machine does not move along an inclined straight line but along the vertical. Thus, the machine is not loaded due to the displacement of the weight of the tool carrier head, which leads to a significant increase in the accuracy of wheel manufacturing.
    When the working line has a helical shape with components, the envelope of the cuts, on the one hand, varies concentric or quasiconcentric, and, on the other hand, can vary in width. In particular, the width of the envelopes of the cuts can be carried out in various widths in the area of the tooth head and the tooth leg.
    . If only simple corrections of the legs or heads are carried out, they can be carried out with bending cuts in the lateral line through simple relative movements. The calculation and implementation of korrigirovany side surfaces in this case is more simple, since the envelope cuts
    0
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    limited by side lines. For example, during normal profile correction, the same values are used during the full grinding run.
    When selecting the appropriate values of the profile correction parameters, it can be performed using tangential movements. It is also possible to use corrected tools, such as grinding wheels, milling discs, as well as end mills, etc. Similarly, when performing longitudinal corrections 5, the same values are always set for each envelope of the cut.
    Thus, according to the proposed method, a targeted movement of the working point, including according to a given program, is provided, and at the same time this control can be controlled. In addition, the operating point can move along various working lines, along the axis of symmetry of the valleys, along the profile of the teeth, tangentially to the side surface of the teeth, tangentially to the side surface meridian.
    As for the nature of these movements, they can be performed
    i
    straight, rotational or obratno.
    A metal-cutting machine for implementing the proposed method comprises a frame 3, which, on the one hand, carries a moving carriage 4 mounted for movement, and, on the other hand, can be mounted rotatably for setting the inclination of the tooth cross supports 5 for tool carriers 6 on which tools, e.g. grinding wheels 1. To accomplish an additional feed movement, with which the working point of each of the grinding wheels 1 passes tangentially relative to the lateral angle NOSTA tooth 2, the carriage 7 is provided feed. On all carriages path sensors are provided, i.e. position sensors that are connected to a control device (not shown). The control device can be purely electronic or mechano-electronic. For example, the rolling movements can be implemented in the usual manner using a software rolling control device from a belt.
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    Drive motors have speed sensors (not shown) that are connected to the control device. A metalworking machine contains an electromechanical control device, while the known device for controlling rolling from a belt is not considered,
    The control device has a main computing device 8, which contains and processes the main control programs. It is connected to the main control 5 structure 9 of controlling and controlling each tool carrier and other movements that are not carried out separately, such as lifting movements, adjusting movements of the angle of inclination of the tooth ft and its variations from a predetermined value tool jelly, as well as other necessary known movements (not shown). The main control device 9 is connected to the grinding wheel control device 0, the gearing angle control device 11, the tooth tilt angle and the intermediate carriage, the device 12 for additional feed motion, the device I3 for the plunge feed motion for normal incision feed 5 as well as for normal and topographic corrections, a device 14 for measuring a grinding wheel, for detecting wear of the grinding wheel and for determining the compensation of the diameter, etc.
    A regulator 15 is in contact with the grinding wheel control device 10, which is connected to the grinding wheel drive 16. A speed measurement system or a speed sensor is connected to it, which also contacts the grinding wheel control device 10. This adjustment circuit serves as a precise adjustment of the speed in cooperation with other controlled movements and functions of the machine.
    The intermediate carriage control device 11, the tooth engagement angle and inclination angle of the tooth are contacted by a control device for reverse position indication and a second controller 17, which, on the one hand, is connected to the intermediate carriage actuator for positioning, respectively indicated in the figure-.
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    five
    The position of the Vr or Vj axis of the control of the metalworking machine, and, on the other hand, to the drive for setting the hooking angle and / or the angle of inclination of the tooth. The intermediate carriage actuator 18 is in contact with the position sensor 19, which contacts the engagement angle control device 11, tooth inclination angle and intermediate carriage. The actuator for setting the engagement angle oЈ and / or the tooth inclination angle K contacts the measurement device (not indicated, as in this case, conical circles, the data of which is also provided to the device for controlling the angle of engagement, angle of inclination of the tooth and the intermediate carriage. The specified data for each position is fed to the control device from the main control device 9 and it returns its own data back.
    A control device 12 for additional feed-in / out feed movement is in contact with a main control device 9 and an input with a control device for positioning controllable elements. It is also in contact with the regulator 20, which controls the actuator 21 for additional feed movement. A position measuring system is in contact with the actuator 21, which, with measurement data, feeds the control device 22 for additional feed motion.
    A control device 13 for the normal and topographic correction of the tooth flank is contacted by a control device for determining the end positions and operating positions of the guide means. A regulator 23 is in contact with the control device 13 to drive 24 feeds of plunging and correcting one of the tools. However, this drive can also affect the axis of the machine connected to the workpiece so that the feed movement to the plunging is carried out from the workpiece. A position measuring device 25 is in contact with the drive 24, which outputs signals to the control device 13 for the feed movements to the plunge.
    The control devices 10-14 communicate with the main control device 9, which is in signal exchange with the main computing device 8, so that all movements are coordinated with each other and are controlled taking into account measurement and adjustment data.
    FIG. 10 designations intended to control the machine axis: Wg, W (, - both branches of the running-in motion rfs, rfs - positioning axis between the tool and the workpiece, Vg, Vth - cutting axis for cutting and correcting cutting, Og, 0j , - axis of additional feed motion,, oisE, axis of setting the engagement angle, Vg, Vr - axis of the intermediate carriage, ft, ufts the angle of inclination of the tooth and its variations, H - tool stroke.
    Disc or double tapered circles are used as grinding wheel 1. The working areas due to the additional, according to the proposed method, the feed movement may be substantially narrower than is the case with the application of the known grinding method. The predominant shape of the grinding wheel is shown in FIG. 9. The tool is a modified disc circle and, instead of a flat working area, has a working area in the form of a truncated cone with a cone angle slightly less than 180 °. This shape combines the advantages of disc and tapered circles.
    A variant of the device for carrying out grinding when using a working line with spiral-shaped components are also provided with a frame that, on the one hand, carries with the ability to move, a running carriage, and, on the other hand, has Cornering to set the inclination of the tooth. Cross-braces for tool carriers. However, for a shaped helix-working line, a part of the carriage complex must move parallel to the axis to the workpiece in the feed movement of the lifting stroke. For this, a carriage 26 or an additional roll axis 27 between the machine bed and the carriage is provided, and the movements are controlled so that the resultant movement also corresponds to the movement of the stroke feed.
    lifting. The difference consists mainly in the temporary control of individual movements to achieve the shape of the flank surface of the tooth.
    These movements are controlled through the use of separate drives for each movement. In this case, the inclination of the tooth is not achieved due to the inclination of the movement of the stroke of the feed carriage or the corresponding position of the carriage but relative to the axis of the carriage 5 The carriage wheel, however, to achieve a helix as a portion of the working line, the workpiece is driven by turning on the workpiece mandrel. Only at the end of the box line does the following start-up are performed to obtain the next envelope cut by driving a run-in on the workpiece when using an electronically controlled drive or 5 of a conventional tape drive software control device.
    For the implementation of normal or topographic corrections, controls are provided that interact with the actuators.
    for individual axes of motion. Motion processes are established on mechanical, magnetic, optical, and electrical data carriers. They can be carried out in such a way 5 that the feed to the incision of the correcting is made from the workpiece purely rotationally or purely linearly, or in a combination of these movements. In this case, the drives provide the resulting movements. The additional rotation of the table is expressed by the formula
    nt EK / db,
    where Е к is the value of correction of the side surface;
    db is the diameter of the main circle; nt - additional rotation
    the table.
    The control for setting the optimum mode of the envelope of the cut is memorized in data carriers as a result of sequences of signals interacting with the position sensors and can power the control elements with separate movements.
    The necessary absence of backlash in the drive when using conventional drives can be achieved
    0
    by means of funds. For example, a twin screw drive is required for the workpiece table for this purpose. By using a separate drive device controlled by a sequence of commands, the absence of backlash can be achieved without any particular difficulty.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    Claims jg
    where Yg is the distance of contact points
    grinding wheel with the processed profile to a given point;
    W rounding;
    h is the grinding course;
    Oi. - the angle of engagement in the face
    section}
    Y is the angle between the producing surface and the line of the lateral surface of the profile being processed.
    [2]
    2. Method pop. 1, I have; and with the fact that the additional movement is performed along the axis of symmetry of the valleys.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, dtl and h and ts and so that additional
    1. The method of grinding involute profiles of cylindrical gear cones with their correction along the profile and length with an instrument made in the form of conical or dish-shaped circles inclined to each other under the profile angle of grinding in the conditions of rolling and reciprocating movement along the axis of the processed wheels and additional independent movement of the tool according to a given program, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of obtaining a given modification of the teeth, the additional circles rotary shaft is performed reciprocating relative to a point whose position is given according to the relation
    Y3-W sintx t / cozy + h tgj,
    five
    0
    five
    the movement is performed along the tooth profile.
    [4]
    4. A method according to claim 2, in which the additional movement is performed tangentially to the side surface of the teeth. -
    [5]
    5. Method of method 1, characterized in that the additional movements are performed tangentially to the side surface meridian.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claims 2-5, distinguished by the fact that the additional movement is performed linearly.
    [7]
    7. Method according to paragraphs. 2-5, characterized in that the additional displacement is performed rotationally.
    [8]
    8. Method according to paragraphs. 2-5, about t l. and - due to the fact that the additional movement is performed roundabout.
    [9]
    9. The machine for grinding involute profiles of cylindrical gear wheels with their length and tooth profile correction with an instrument made in the form of conical or disc wheels, on the frame of which with the possibility of reciprocating and radial movements relative to the grinding wheels there is a rolling wheel carriage carrying the placement means and fixing the wheel to be machined and, on a fixed rack on the frame, in circular guides with the possibility of reciprocating along the tooth of the wheel to be machined, a caliper is mounted that carries the right and left tool carriages with grinding wheels placed with the possibility of additional movement from a separate drive, and the machine contains control means with positional sensors, characterized in that each tool carriage is installed with a vertical possibility, tangal and radial movement relative to the caliper.
    0
    0
    five
     ABOUT
    ABOUT
    0
     about
    W
    d-gpf
    9Shch
    and
    E9I17ZS
    eight
    FIG. P
    /
    27
    FIG. 13
    FIG. ft
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP0180747A3|1988-08-24|
    EP0180747A2|1986-05-14|
    US4811528A|1989-03-14|
    US4955163A|1990-09-11|
    US4815239A|1989-03-28|
    JPS61117013A|1986-06-04|
    DD237998A5|1986-08-06|
    CH664717A5|1988-03-31|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH525084A|CH664717A5|1984-11-03|1984-11-03|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING EVOLVENT-SHAPED TOOTHED FLANGES.|
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